Njengoko iimpawu zentengiso zisetyenziselwa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bokuthengisa, inkqubo yokuvelisa iimpawu iya ikhula ngakumbi, nje ukuba ingabonakalisa indlela yokubonakalisa kunye nemisebenzi yokuguqulwa, iya kuba yinkqubo yokuvelisa iimpawu.Ngenkqubela phambili yophuhliso, ukongeza kwi-etching yendabuko, ukuzaliswa, kunye neenkqubo zokupolisha, iipleyiti zobhedu nazo ziphuhlise iinkqubo zokuhombisa ngakumbi.
Ngokutsho kokuhlelwa kweendidi, iimpawu zentengiso kunye neempawu zingahlulwa zibe ziinkqubo zetsimbi kunye nezingezizo zetsimbi.Phakathi kwazo, kukho inkqubo yesinyithi usebenzisa indlela yonyango ye-electrochemical, uphuhliso lwangoku lwesiphumo sesanti, isilika, i-etching, igolide, isilivere, isanti yegolide, isanti yesilivere, i-matte, i-pearlescent, i-nickel emnyama, njalo njalo;Inkqubo engeyiyo isinyithi ithatha iindlela zokucubungula ngokomzimba, ezifana nokusika, i-lithography, i-dimensional relief, i-sublimation transfer "crystal" igubungele, i-stamping eshushu, njl.
Ukongeza, kukho uhlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yokuhombisa igolide yesanti emnyama, kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukufezekisa injongo yohlobo oluninzi, umboniso omibalabala wemiqondiso, kwaye uphuhliswe, kwinkqubo yokuvelisa umqondiso, inokuchazwa njengeyodwa. umtsalane.Ubuhle be "santi yegolide emnyama" kukuba "isanti emnyama" imnyama kwaye iphantse ibe ngwevu;"Igolide" ikhanya kodwa ayivezwanga, into ebizwa ngokuba yigolide entlabathini, igolide entlabathini.Emva koko isicatshulwa kwigolide eqaqambileyo sitsiba kwisanti emnyama, enesidima ngakumbi kwaye intle, kunye nencasa yomntu, ethandwayo kushishino.